4. The History of Motion Picture

 Before the invention of photography, there were toys that replicated the process of film, showing multiple drawings in succession to result in moving images. Photography was being innovated very quickly in the 1830s-1850s. Eadward Muybridge was a photographer; Muybridge used multiple cameras to take successive pictures of a horse running on a track. The images of The Horse in Motion were mounted on a rotating disk and projected, creating the first motion picture in 1877. French physiologist Etienne-Jules Marey took the first series of photos from a singular camera; he wanted to analyze motion too fast for human perception. Marey invented the Chronophotgraphic gun, a camera capable of taking 12 back-to-back photos. Both Muybridge and Mary were motivated by science, wanting to expand technology and explore what the naked eye could not see. The Edison company is regarded for making the first motion picture. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877 and wanted something visual to accompany it. Edison hired a lab assistant, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, to create the first motion picture camera, the Kinetograph, and the Kinetoscope, to view the pictures. Using Edisons Kinetescope, the Lumiere brothers built the cinematograph, which functioned as a camera, printer, and projector and was much smaller and lighter than the Kinetescope. George Albert Smith and Charles Urban created the first colored film camera, the kinema color; the first movie to use this technology was A Trip to the Moon in 1902. The first motion picture using sound was released in 1927. The Jazz Singer had minimal audio but involved dialogue synchronizing with the picture. By 1931, the sound was incorporated into the film, and there was no need to sync two separate media. Film has evolved since, and we no longer use film to record all movies, and the quality of camera, audio, and editing has improved. Motion pictures have also seen inventions like slow motion and time-lapses and have become highly accessible through technology like television and cell phones.

So why is motion picture important? Motion pictures allow us to study phenomena that occur faster than we can see. Both Muybridge and Marey used early motion pictures to analyze the fast movements of horses and birds. Motion pictures can also do the opposite and film time lapses of longer-term changes that we do not perceive in daily life, like the changing seasons and the growth of plants. Both slow-motion pictures and time lapses provide a connection between art and science. Motion pictures connect people; with international distribution, you can watch movies from other cultures and vice versa. This ability to get an insider view into "foreign" cultures is essential to creating a tolerant society. Motion pictures are not only a window into other cultures but also a window into history. Motion pictures preserve history and reflect the social attitudes and technology of different eras, giving us a deeper look than written history can provide. Motion pictures create emotional and intellectual connections; by telling stories and accompanying them with visuals, it is now easier to express and exchange emotions.

Overall, Motion pictures have come a long way, and now everyone can produce and watch films through their Phones, making it easier than ever. Motion pictures are important to science, unity, art, and history, making them a cornerstone of society.